(Peer-Reviewed) Surpassing the diffraction limit in long-range laser engineering via cross-scale vectorial optical field manipulation: perspectives and outlooks
Yinghui Guo 郭迎辉 ¹ ² ³, Mingbo Pu 蒲明博 ¹ ² ³, Yang Li 李阳 ¹ ² ³, Mingfeng Xu 徐明峰 ¹ ² ³, Xiangang Luo 罗先刚 ¹ ² ³
¹ State Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
中国 成都 中国科学院光电技术研究所 光场调控科学技术全国重点实验室
² Research Center on Vector Optical Fields, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
中国 成都 中国科学院光电技术研究所 矢量光场研究中心
³ College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
中国 北京 中国科学院大学材料科学与光电技术学院
Opto-Electronic Advances, 2025-12-25
Abstract
We present a vectorial optical field (VOF) framework that surpasses the diffraction limit in both long-range imaging and energy delivery. By jointly engineering spatial and temporal dimensions, reflective Fourier ptychography is extended to 3.2 km with 0.37× the classical diffraction limit, while a single-photon LiDAR tomography system achieves centimeter-scale, sub-diffraction imaging at 3.3 km using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors.
These advances demonstrate super-resolution, turbulence-resilient imaging over kilometer-range distances. Beyond super-resolution optical, high power VOFs are able to counteract thermal blooming during atmospheric laser propagation, enhancing on-target power density by a factor larger than 2.
Together, these results may outline a cross-scale paradigm that links high-power vector-field structuring, single-photon detection, and adaptive control—offering a pathway toward next-generation optical systems that integrate imaging, sensing, communication and directed energy within a common physical framework.
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