Year
Month
(Peer-Reviewed) Electrically switchable bright-field and interference-synthesized edge-enhanced imaging with a polarization-multiplexed metalens
Xiaotong Li ¹, Junhwa Seong ¹, Yeseul Kim ¹, Kwang-Suk Oh ², Shiqi Hu ¹ ³, Le Dai ⁴, Harit Keawmuang ¹, Beomha Yang ⁵, Minseok Choi ¹, Youngsun Jeon ¹, Cherry Park ¹, Weiyan Li ⁶ ⁷, Tianxu Jia ⁸, Han Zhu ⁹, Xiaodong Cai ⁹, Qi Zheng ¹ ¹⁰, Jinhui Shi ⁶ ⁷, Young-Ki Kim ², Yuchuan Shao ⁹, Trevon Badloe ¹¹ ¹², Junsuk Rho ¹ ² ⁴ ⁵ ¹³
¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
² Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
³ Platform for Real-world Innovation in Smart Manufacturing and AI, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
⁵ Quantum Information Science Program Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
⁶ Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
⁷ Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices Physics for Oceanic Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
中国 哈尔滨 哈尔滨工程大学物理与光电工程学院 海洋光子材料与器件物理工信部重点实验室
⁸ Department of Optical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
中国 南京 东南大学电子科学与工程学院光学工程系
⁹ Thin Film Optics R&D Center, Department of High-power Laser Optics Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
中国 上海 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 高功率激光元件技术与工程部薄膜光学研发中心
¹⁰ School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
中国 上海 上海大学通信与信息工程学院
¹¹ Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
¹² Digital Healthcare Center, Sejong Institute for Business and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
¹³ POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
Opto-Electronic Science, 2026-09-20
Abstract

Metasurface image processors are typically designed by prescribing a spatial-frequency transfer function in a single optical channel. Here, we demonstrate an LC-integrated polarization-dependent metalens that electrically accesses three transfer-function states by interferometrically synthesizing an effective response from two cofocal imaging channels.

A voltage-controlled liquid-crystal (LC) cell selects X-polarized, Y-polarized, or 45° linearly polarized illumination at the metalens plane. The metalens encodes two polarization-selective focusing channels with unequally effective apertures and a common focal plane, producing a broad low-pass response and a narrower low-pass response. Under 45°-polarized illumination followed by a 45° polarization analyzer, both channels are projected onto a common basis. A designed π-phase offset suppresses shared low-spatial-frequency components through coherent cancellation, while higher spatial frequencies supported by the larger aperture are retained, yielding an interference-synthesized response.

This interference-synthesized response produces edge-enhanced images without digital post-processing. Experiments at 635 nm validate the three states through focusing characterization, modulation-transfer analysis, resolution-target imaging, biological imaging, and LC-assisted electrical switching. This work establishes coherent channel interaction as a design principle for electrically reconfigurable metasurface transfer-function engineering.
Electrically switchable bright-field and interference-synthesized edge-enhanced imaging with a polarization-multiplexed metalens_1
Electrically switchable bright-field and interference-synthesized edge-enhanced imaging with a polarization-multiplexed metalens_2
Electrically switchable bright-field and interference-synthesized edge-enhanced imaging with a polarization-multiplexed metalens_3
Electrically switchable bright-field and interference-synthesized edge-enhanced imaging with a polarization-multiplexed metalens_4
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