(Peer-Reviewed) Hepatorenal syndrome in acute-on-chronic liver failure with acute kidney injury: more questions requiring discussion
Songtao Liu 刘松涛 ¹ ², Qinghua Meng 孟庆华 ², Yuan Xu 许媛 ³, Jianxin Zhou 周建新 ¹
¹ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
中国 北京 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院重症医学科
² Department of Severe Liver Disease, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
中国 北京 首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院重症肝病科
³ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
中国 北京 北京清华长庚医院重症医学科
Gastroenterology Report
, 2021-09-25
Abstract
In cirrhosis with ascites, hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a specific prerenal dysfunction unresponsive to fluid volume expansion. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) comprises a group of clinical syndromes with multiple organ failure and early high mortality. There are differences in the characterization of ACLF between the Eastern and Western medical communities. Patients with ACLF and acute kidney injury (AKI) have more structural injuries, contributing to confusion in diagnosing HRS-AKI.
In this review, we discuss progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of HRS-AKI, especially in patients with ACLF. Controversy regarding HRS-AKI in ACLF and acute liver failure, hepatic carcinoma, shock, sepsis, and chronic kidney disease is also discussed. Research on the treatment of HRS-AKI with ACLF needs to be more actively pursued to improve disease prognosis.
Review for wireless communication technology based on digital encoding metasurfaces
Haojie Zhan, Manna Gu, Ying Tian, Huizhen Feng, Mingmin Zhu, Haomiao Zhou, Yongxing Jin, Ying Tang, Chenxia Li, Bo Fang, Zhi Hong, Xufeng Jing, Le Wang
Opto-Electronic Advances
2025-07-17
Multiphoton intravital microscopy in small animals of long-term mitochondrial dynamics based on super‐resolution radial fluctuations
Saeed Bohlooli Darian, Jeongmin Oh, Bjorn Paulson, Minju Cho, Globinna Kim, Eunyoung Tak, Inki Kim, Chan-Gi Pack, Jung-Man Namgoong, In-Jeoung Baek, Jun Ki Kim
Opto-Electronic Advances
2025-07-17
Non-volatile tunable multispectral compatible infrared camouflage based on the infrared radiation characteristics of Rosaceae plants
Xin Li, Xinye Liao, Junxiang Zeng, Zao Yi, Xin He, Jiagui Wu, Huan Chen, Zhaojian Zhang, Yang Yu, Zhengfu Zhang, Sha Huang, Junbo Yang
Opto-Electronic Advances
2025-07-09
CW laser damage of ceramics induced by air filament
Chuan Guo, Kai Li, Zelin Liu, Yuyang Chen, Junyang Xu, Zhou Li, Wenda Cui, Changqing Song, Cong Wang, Xianshi Jia, Ji'an Duan, Kai Han
Opto-Electronic Advances
2025-06-27
Operando monitoring of state of health for lithium battery via fiber optic ultrasound imaging system
Chen Geng, Wang Anqi, Zhang Yi, Zhang Fujun, Xu Dongchen, Liu Yueqi, Zhang Zhi, Yan Zhijun, Li Zhen, Li Hao, Sun Qizhen
Opto-Electronic Science
2025-06-25
Observation of polaronic state assisted sub-bandgap saturable absorption
Li Zhou, Yiduo Wang, Jianlong Kang, Xin Li, Quan Long, Xianming Zhong, Zhihui Chen, Chuanjia Tong, Keqiang Chen, Zi-Lan Deng, Zhengwei Zhang, Chuan-Cun Shu, Yongbo Yuan, Xiang Ni, Si Xiao, Xiangping Li, Yingwei Wang, Jun He
Opto-Electronic Advances
2025-06-19
